Production of expanded-steel load-bearing members



'March l0, 1931.

H.. M. GERSMAN PRODUCTION OF EXPANDED STEEL LOAD BEARING MEMBERS March 10, 1931. H M. GERSMAN I 1,796,146

PRODUCTION OFEXPANDED STEEL LOAD B'EARLNG MEMBERS Filed Feb. 9, 1925 5.Sheets-She-et 2 March 10, 1931. H M. GERSMAN 1,796,146

PRODUCTION OF EXPANDED STEEL LOAD BEARING MEMBERS Filed Feb 9, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 March l0, 1931. H, M GERSMAN 1,796,146

y PRODUCTION OF EXPANDED STEEL LOAD BEARING MEMBERS Filed Feb. 9, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 NSTI I 71H62? for March if), 1931. H M GERSMAN l LTQ@ PRODUCTION OF EXPANOED STEEL LOAD BEARING MEMBERS Filed Feb; s, 25 I 5 sheen-Sheet 5 l hmmm nmmnw" I lo out any liability of the tearing or fracturing 10,349 and 7 ,7 65.

Patented Mag. 1o, 1931 1,796,146

narran am@ HARVEY M. GEEST/IAN, OF CHECAGO, ILLINGIS PRoDUcTion or Exrnnnnns'rnirr, nenn-BEARING MEMBERS Application nieu February a, 1925. semi no. 7,764.

This invention relates to the production the accompanying drawings which illustrate of expanded steel loadbearing members and apparatus by which the process may be pracln'ore particularly tor the production of such ticed, the several steps in the evolution of the members in integral form from a rolled strucblank into the completed product, and a portural shape. l tion of the expanded beam produced by 'the 55 The principal objlects of the invention are process. The apparatus and the beam, howto provide a process of economical characte ever, although completely illustrated are not by which a maximum output is achieved, to claimed in this application but form the subprovide for a full measure of expansion withjects of my pending applications, Serial Nos.

6o of the product, and to secure an expanded ln said drawings: beam of superior quality and physical char- Figure 1 is a side elevation showing, diaacteristics. grammatically, apparatus by which the'proc- With the above objects in view the process ess may be practiced. is principally characterized b v the provision Figure Q is a top plan view of the saine. 65

of av slitted blank heated to a degree at which Figure 3 is a cross section showing a pretlie metal does not flow but may be stretched ferred form of blank. and'shaped and by the stretching of the bar Figure 4 is a plan view of a portion of the or strand 'portions prior to the relative outblank. ward movement or separation of the flanges Figure 5 is a cross section on the line 5 5 70 or chord portions of the blank followed by of Figure 1, more particularly showing a such relative outward 'movement or separaphase of the slitting operation. tion and the simultaneous pressing back of Figure 6 is a plan view of a portion of the stretched bar or strand portions into the the blank conforming to theoperation shown original plane of the web. in Figure 5. 75 By proceeding in this manner the stretch- Figure 7 is a cross section on the line 7%7 ing of the bar or strand portions and the of Figure 1, moreparticularly showing a increase of the width of the blank are carried further phase of the slitting operation. out in separate and successive operations with Figure 8 is a plan view of a portion of the "C the results that the angles of the bar or blank conforming tothe operation shown iii 8G strandportions during the stretching oper- Figure 7.

ation are most favorable to the integrity of Figure 9 is a sectional view of the blank the finished product and the subsequent inon the'line 9 9 of Figure 8.

crease in the width of the blank does not in- Figure l0 is a cross secion on the line 10--10l 33 vol've any stretching of the bar or strand porof F igure 1n more particularly showing the 85 Y to be displaced during'the stretching opera- Figurell is a plan View of a portion of the 5 'l tent and being performed prior to the option of the strand portions is shown in this 9 tions but is merely a part of the operation operation of the compensating rolls by which of forming open work. Y v the bar or strand portions produced by the The process is also characterized by a preslitting ofthe blank are caused to be of uniliininary deformation of the parts which are form thickness throughout their extent.

tion and in which the strand portions are blank conforming to the operation shown in included, this deform'ation'being carried out Figure 10.

in suchA ainanner as to make each strand por- Figure 12 is a sectional View of the blank on tion' of the same thickness throughout its eXi the line 12-12 of Figure 1l. The deformaeration of stretching the strand'portions in figure on a somewhat exaggerated scale in preparation for the formation of open work. order to promote clearness of illustration. y The above and other characterizing fea- Figure 13 is a cross section on the line tures of the process will be set forth as the 13 13 of Figurev 1, more particularly showl `desciption proceeds and will appear from. the operation of the. first expansion roll. wa'

Figure 14 is a plan View of a portion of the blank conforming to the operation of Figure 13.

YFigure 15 isa sectional view of the blank on the line 15-15 of Figure 14.

Figure 16 is a cross section on the line 16-16 yof Figure 1, more particularly showing the operation of the second expansion roll. j l

Figure 17 is a plan view of a portion of the blank conforming to the operation of Figure V16.

Figure 18 is a sectional view of the blank on the line 18-18 'of Figure 17.` ,Y

Figure 19 is a cross sectional view on the line 19-19 of Figure 1, more particularly showing the voperation of the first flattening roll.

Figurey 20 is a plan view of la portion of the blank and an adjacent portion of the spreader conforming yto the operation of Figure 19.

Y Figure 21 is a. sectional view on the line 21-21 of Figure 20, this view also showing the lower portion ofthe first flattening roll. lFigure 22 is a cross sectional view on the line 22-22 of Figure lymoreparticularly showingr the. operation of thesecond flattening roll.' i

Y Figure 23 is a plan view of a portion of the blank andan adjacent portion of the spreader conforming to the opera-tion of Figure 22.

Figure 24 is a sectional view on the line 2424-of Figure 23, this view also showing the lowerportion ofthe second flattening roll. v

Figure25 is a cross section on the line 25e-25 of Figure '1, more particularly showing the operation of the third flattening roll. Figure l26 is a plan view of a portion of the blank and an adjacent portion of the spreader conforming to the operation of Figl 31--31 of Figure ure 25. Y Figure 27 is a 27-27 LofFigur'e 26, this Vview also showing rthelower portion of the third flattening roll.

Figure 28 is a cross section on the line 28-28 of Figure 1, more particularly showing the operation of the'fourth flattening roll.

Figure 29 is a plan view of a portion of the blank and an adjacentportion of the spreader conforming to the operation of Figure 28.

Figure 30 is a sectional view on theline .sc-so of Figur@ 29, uns View also'v Showing the lower portion of the fourth flattening roll; y n

Figure 31 is a cross section on the line 1, more particularly showing .the final `.flattening and delivery rolls.

Figure 32 is a plan View of a portion of the completed beam.V Y

Figure 83 1s a sectional view onthe line 33-33 of Figure 32.

Figure 34 is a plan viewof the slitted blank which is usedfor the production of a Na-rren trussg. f Y

sectional view on the lineV Figure 35 is a perspective view of the same vat the completion of the stretching of the practiced in connection with the rolling of the blank. ln such case the process starts with the blank as it comes from the'rolling mill at a temperature below the flowing temperature but suciently high toenable parts of the blank to be stretched, shaped and relocated, the steps of the process being all cornpleted whilel the blank is within the permissible range, i. e., heated to cherry red.

The product in its form of greatest advantage and widest range of utility is conceived as an expanded beam of l cross section which is preferably fashioned as a lattice. truss but may also be fashioned as a Warren truss. ln either case the'blank deliveredrbythe rolling mill and with which the yprocessie started may be of regular I cross section. y v

The drawings illustrate in detail the production of a lattice truss and for most, vif not all, practical purposes it will be sufficient if the vstruts of the completed beam have a single line *of intermediate bonds representing points of intersection, the remaining bonds being the connections between the struts and the chords. |llhe blank for such a beam will have three'longitudinal rows of slits arranged in the manner and relation of the slits provided in the blanks from which diamond mesh lath, so called, is produced, that is to say with the slits of cach row in symmetrically stagygered .or break-joint relation to theslits of vlarly relatedlongitudinal web portions 2a and 2?).

The operations in the order of their` performance are slitting the blank, unifying the thickness of the bar or strand portionsand the intermediate bonds, stretching the bar or strand portions, and separating the flanges and pressing the stretched bar or strand portions and the intermediate bonds back into a single common-plane. The several-elements of the apparatus by which these operations are 'carried out may, of course,.be structurally varied; As diagrammatically shown, the apparatus includes slitting rolls 3 and 4, strand 'unifying orvcompensating rolls 5, -strand stretching rolls 6, and?, strand'lattening'rolls 8,0510, 11 and 12, the rolls 12 also serving as delivery rolls, a spreader 13 which is co.- operative with the rolls 8, 9, and 11, and feed rolls 14 which Lact on the flanges land maybe arranged as required or desirable, in someinstances being mounted on the shafts of certain of the other rollsand in some instances being mounted on shafts specially L provided therefor.

The several shafts which carrythe rolls above enumerated are indicated at 15 and are mounted inbearings for which housings 16 are provided, the shafts being positively driven from a line shaft (not shown) or otherwise suitabl7 by gearing which is suhciently indicated by the showing of a gear element 17 .for each shaft.

The s it-tin g rolls may be of any well known type. Viliile the slitting may be performed in a single stage it is preferably performed in two successive stages, the first stage by the rolls 3 and the second stage by the rolls 4. In the lirst stage (Figures 5 and 6) the blank is formed with the central row of slits 100 and inthe second stage (Figures 7, 8 and 9) with the outer rows of slits 101, these being located close to the web. The modified cross section ofl the blank is of advantage as will appear from Figures 5 and 7 in that the angle of the portions which are displaced during the'slittingtothe shearing edges is at no point greater than a right angle and this characteristic provides for greater facility in the slitting operation than is possible where, as in a blank oi regularI form, certain portions or" the web which would be displaced during the slitting operation would lie atan obtuse angle to the shearing edge. In the iirst stage of the slitting` as eiifected by the rolls 3 the portionf2- is moved into a plane normal to and located centrally of the flanges 1 and parts ofthe portion 2a. (being those parts which provide the intermediate bonds) are similarly displaced while the remaining parts `of. the portion 2a are held in their original plane and ,are thus severed from the adjacent parts ofthe portion 2b. VIn the second stage of the slitting as eiliected by the rollers 4 the parts of the portions 2a which during the first stage were held in their original plane are moved into the same plane as the portion 26,7that is to say a plane normal to and located centrally ot the iianges 1, and from this common plane adjacent parts of both of the portions 2a and 2b are displaced into a common plane parallel to the plane from which the'displacement started, the portions so displaced being thus severed from the web along lines parallel and adjacent to the flanges and leaving in the plane from which the displacement started those porti-ons which provide the bonds between the struts and the chords,

i. e., the outer lines of bonds, and if, as pre- `ferred, the outer lines ofslits be slightly distant from the flanges also leaving chord -portions of the web. In Figures 8 and 9 the strand portions are indicated at 102, the portions whichprovide the intermediate bonds at 103, the portions which pr vide the bonds of the outer lines at 104 tions at 105.

The strand portions 102 and the intermediatebond providing portions 103 are, as above explained, displaced incident to the slitting operation in planes parallel to the planes of the outer bond providing )ortions 104 and the chord portions 105. In consequence ot this displacement the length of the parts between successive portions 104, these parts being' two strand portions 102 and an intermediate bond providing portion 103 located between them, is greater than the length which these parts had prior to their displacement, that is to say prior to the cutting of the outer slits 101. It follows that as an incident of the slitting operation there is some stretching of the metal of the displaced portions. This stretching occurs in the parts by which the displaced portions are connected to the outer bond providing portions 104, these parts being shown in Figure 9 at 1026i and being terminal parts of the strand portions 102 which extend diagonally from the straight parts oit such strand portions to the portions 104. Thus the parts 102@ due to their stretching are of somewhat less thickness than the parts 104 and the straight parts ot the strand portions 102. It is desirable, however, that the displaced parts be of equal thickness throughout their extent since, otherwise, the resultant strands would not only be of unequal thickness at different points but the parts stretched during the slitting operation would be further attenuated during the ordered stretching operation, offering as they do less resistance to the stretching forces than the remaining parts, and would therefore be a source of weakness in the hnished beam. I therefore provide for compensating the stretch of the parts 1026i by making all parts oit the bond providing portions 103 and the strand portions 102 of equal thickness, this end being best served by attenuating the intermediate bond providing portions 108 and the flat parts of the strand portions 102 prior to the ordered stretching operation whereby said flat parts and their connecting portions 103 are increased in overall length and are reduced to the same thickness as the connecting parts 10266. This operation is accomplished by a pair of unifying or compensating rolls 5, one acting on the blank from above and the other from below. The rolls 5 are formed with co-operating transverse corrugations and arranged to deform he displaced portions of the blank into sinuous outline as shown in Figures 11 and 12, the parts102ct/1 being included in the sinuous curve at any point of which the metal is of the same thickand the chord porwhichr are shaped ness as at any other point. The general forni and arrangement ofthe rolls is illustrated f diagrammatically-,in Figure-1 and in greater Idetail in Figure 38. rlhe transverse corruga- 55; tions above mentioned are provided in cooperating series on the tworolls, the corrugations of each series'being designed and arranged to produce the' preliminary strand formation'shown in Figure 12, and to avoid an stretching of the anel oint rovidin y ze p p l) g g of one roll will register peripherally with the break of the other roll during the period when a panel point providing portion passes between the rolls. The result of the operation ofthe rolls formed and arranged inthe manner described is ythe formation shown in Figurev 12, wherein those strand providing portions which are'connected by van intermediate bond providing. portion are, together with such bond providing portion, uniform- -fly preliminarily stretched. 1t is to be noted that thefdeformation of the strand portions is shown in Figures 11 and 12 on a somewhat exaggerated scale in order to promote clearness of illustration.

The stretching operation follows the operation of the compensating rolls and isv preferably formed in more than one stage, two stages being provided for in the apparatus disclosed. rlhe stretching operation is so 'performed thatthe intermediate bond pro-y viding portions 103 are offset in paths at 'right angles tothe mean longitudinal plane of the web with the result that st-randportions at opposite sides of the several slits 100 while remaining in parallel `relation are stretchedproportionately to the Vincrease in the distance betweentheir ends as measured `by their points of connection ,with the respective bond providing portions 108 and101.- By proceeding in this manner the bending of the strands where they join the bond providing portions is along transverse lines and the stretching forces are applied at right angles to these-transverse bending lines withV the result that there is no possibility of tearing. Various mechanical agencies may be employed for osetting the bond providing portions 103 in order to stretch the strand portions 102. As shown in thedrawings the means the rolls 6 and 7 which are provided suitable teeth as shown.

with

of tthe convolution of which the portion 103 tion of open work and does not involve the adjacent for this purpose consists of.,

These rolls are arranged whereby their teeth enter theV anglev and 7 are accordingly arranged to engage theV blank from below. The teeth of the roll 6 act in the first stage of the stretching operation and are thereforer of less depth than the teeth of the roll 7 by which the stretching operation is completed. At the completion'of the first stage of the stretching operthisl angle faces downward-and the rolls 6 f ation, as shown in Figure 15, thestrand portions 102 have been straightened from the sinuous form which they had when the 0p-V eration startedand have been stretched toa partial extent. At the completion of the secondstage of the stretching operation, as

shown in Figure 18, the strand portions have been stretched to the degreefwhich may have been determined upon and each stretched part which includes an intermediate bond providing portion andthe strand portions Vthereby connected is displaced linto substantial V-form. .Y

lllhe next step is the expansion of the blank into the completed structural section. This involves operations merely for theV producany sensible stretching of any of the parts.` V1n the expansion of the blank the strand portions are subjected to a two-fold displacement operation, that is to say, they are bent youtward relatively to one another so as to extend divergingly from the common bond and they are also pushed backA into the central longitudinal plane of the web, in short, flattened. r)These operations are accomplished by moving the flanges of the blank relatively outward and at the saine time applying pressure to the offset bond providing portions to move them and the strands back into the central longitudinal plane of the web. By pressing the offset bond providing portions back toward the central longitudinal plane of the web while the flanges are being spread, the

rate at which ythe bond providing portions are' pressedback being proportional to the rate at which the flanges are spread or` slightly greater, further stretching of the strands is avoided and at the sametimezall liability of tearing the strands in the directions of the slits is avoided. The flattening of the displaced parts may be effected by various means,the drawings illustrating for this purpose a seri-es of rolls 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 by which the voperation is completedcin successive stages. The relative outward movementfof the flanges may be effected by various meansbut is preferably effected vby the spreader plate 13 which is employedin co-operation with the rolls 8, 9, 10 and'll, the web passing over theplate 13 which is thus used as a support'and. the flattening rolls engaging the displaced parts of the web from above. The plate 13 has a close fit between the flanges 1 of the blank and its sides are regularly divergent whereby said plate regularly increases from a width correspond- Vof the blank tov cause ing to that of the web at the end of the strand stretching opera-tion to the width which it is intended that theweb shall have in the finished beam', the diverging sides of the plate 13 acting on the flanges 1 during the travel an increase inthe mutual spacing of said-flanges corresponding to the regular increase in the width of the spreader. rJ'Che operation of the first` of the flattening rolls is illustrated in Figures 19, 20 and 21 from which it will be observed that the roll 8 has applied pressure to the adjacent portion 103 and forced the same to a lower plane, the flanges 1 have been moved relatively outward to a slight degree by the spreader 13 and the strand portions 102 have adjusted or accommodated them-- selves to the altered positions of the portion 103 and the flanges 1, the laterally adjacent strand portions now extending from the portion 103 at a slight angle to one another and the longitudinally opposite strand portions now exending from the portion 103 at an increased angle to one another. The operation of the second flattening roll 9 is similarly illustrated in 'Figures 22, 23 and 24 from which it will be observed that the portion 103 has been forced to a position somewhat-below that of Figure 21, the mutual spacing of the flanges 1 has been further in- 'cr'eased and that thestrand portions have again and in like manner adjusted or accommodated themselves to the further altered positions ofthe portion 103 and the flanges 1;' YThe operation of the' third flattening roll 10 is illustrated in Figures 25, 26 and 2-7 and that of the fourth flattening roll 11 in Figures 28, 29 and 30. These operations are similar to those of therolls 8 and 9 and involve further increases in the spacing of the flanges 1 and further flattening of the stretched displaced portions.

The fifth and final stage of the expanding operation is performed by a pair of co-operating rolls 12. The spreader 13 projects for some distance in advance of the fourth flattening roll 11 and as the blank is fed forward from this roll a further increasein the spacing of the flanges 1 is effected by the spreader.

The rolls 12 act on the blankas it passes beyond the spreader. At'this time the' flanges 1 have been spaced to the extent determined upon and the flattening ofthe stretched displaced portions has been nearly completed. The oce of the rolls 12 is, therefore, to perform the final step of bringing the displaced portions uniformly into the central longitudinal plane of the web and to give a desirable finish to the completed beam. These rolls are therefore shaped and proportioned to act on all parts of the web and are operative to deliver the completed structural member which is shown in Figures 32 and 33.

It will of course be understood that the number of stages in which the expanding operation may be performed may be varied and that the indication of five stages in the drawings is merely by way of example.

The process described results in a finished product which is a beam expanded from a rolled structural shape in which all of the parts displaced by the expansion lie in the central longitudinal plane of the beam, the structure being integral throughout. In the completed product the strands 102m are of equal thickness throughout their extent, the intermediate'bonds 103m are of equal thickness with the strands and the outer bonds 104x are of somewhat greater thickness than the strands since they are not subject to any stretching and therefore give a greater factor of safety to the structural member.

The above description assumes theproduction of a lattice truss where the blank has at least three rows of slits but fundamentally the same method can be used for the production of a beam in the form of a lVarren truss. In this case the blank is of regular I cross section and, as shown in Figure 34, has two rows of longitudinal slits 10G and 107, those of one row in break-joint relation to those of the other row. Between the ends of the slits 106 are portions 108 which provide bonds between the struts and the chord at one side of the beam and between the ends of the slits 107 are portions 109 which provide bonds between the struts and the chord at'the opposite side of the beam. The strand portions 110 are delimited by the4 overlapping portions of the slits 106 and 10,7 and lie between each pair of adjacent bond providing portions 108 and 109. In the stretching operation each strand portion is bent into substantial V form, the stretching pressure being applied centrally of its length in the same manner in'which it is applied to the bond providing portions 103 of the blank used for the lattice truss. The blank at the completion of the stretching operation is shown in Figure 35. The expansion of the blank is carried out in the manner previously described, that is to say the spacing of the flanges is kregularly increased to the extent determined upon and the bent and stretched strand portions by pressure applied to their apices are simultaneously and at a proportionate rate pressed back into the central longitudinal plane of the beam. The completed structural member is shown in Figures 36 and 37 in which the strands are indicated at 110m, the bonds at ene side at 108m and those at the other side at 109x, the strands being of uniform thickness throughout and the bonds (which are not stretched) being of somewhat greater thickness than the strands 5 f and therefore giving the beam' a factor of safety.

Having claim 1. The' method of producingv an expanded fully described my invention, I

structural member from a rolled shape, heated t0 suitable temperature and slitted to provide strand portions, Which consists in; positively displacing the lstrand portions Without altering their lateral anglesfor the spacing of the bonds Which form the connection between the strands and the chords, thereby to stretch said strand portions, andy then expanding the shape by altering thelateral angles of the stretched strand portions and simultaneouslyso positively displacing them as substantially to avoid furtherr stretching.

2. The method of producing an expanded structural member from a rolled shape, heated to suitable temperature and slitted to provide strand portions, Which consists in positively displacing parts ofthe 4shape in Which said strand -v portions are-included into substantial V V:form ,Without altering their lat-eral angles, therebyv to stretch said strand portions, and increasing the width oi the shape and progressively With the increase in Width positively flattening Athe displaced parts, thereby substantially to avoid further stretching of the strand portions.

. V3. In the method of producing an expanded structural member from a rolled shape, heated to suitable temperature, slitting the shape to provide strand portions, preliminarily deforming the strand portions into sinuous outline, thereby to 'increase their over-all length and cause them'to be of uniform thick- Y ness from end to end, and then displacing the strand portions Without altering their lateral angles, thereby to further stretch them.

4. ln the methodc producing an expanded structural member from a rolled shape, heated tosuitabletemperature, slitting the shape to provide strand portions, preliminarily deforming the strand'portions to stretch them and to cause them to be of uniform thickness and substantiallyuniform density from end to. end, and then displacing the strand, por-v tions Without altering `their ylateral angles, thereby to furtherstretchthem. l

. 5. In the method or" producingian expanded structural member from a rolled shape heated to suitable temperature, slitting the shape to provide strand portions, preliminarily deorming the strand portionsto stretch them and to cause them to be of uniform thickness and substantially uniform density from end to end, and then further stretching the strand portions. v p

' 6. The method of producing an expanded structuralmember in the form of a lattice truss from a rolled shape, heated to suitable temperature and slitted to provide strand portions and at least one row of intermediate bond'` providing portions which consists in positively displacing and thereby stretching into substantial 'v' form those parts of the shape Which are each composed of strand portions and an intermediate-bond portion to Which the strand portions are connected at its original Width andthen expanding the shape by increasing its Width to alter the lateral angles of the stretched strand portions v and at a proportionate rate positively altering the angles of the strand portions produced by their previous displacement in a manner substantially tof prevent further stretching of the strand portions.

7. rl`he method ofproducing an expanded structural member in the Jform of a lattice truss from a rolled shape, heated to suitable temperature, Which consists in slitting the shape to provide strand portions and at least one rovv of intermediate bond providing portions, preliminarily deforming the strand portions to stretch them and to cause them to be otuniform thickness and substantially uniform density from end to end, then displacing and further stretching those parts of thel shape Which are .each composed of strand portions and an intermediate bond portion to Which the'strand portions are connected While maintaining. the shape at its original Width and then expanding the shape by increasing its Width toalter the lateral angles or" the stretched strand portions and at a proportionate rate altering the angles of the stra-nd portions produced by their previous displacement in amanner substantially rto pre-vent further stretching of the strand portions.

8. The method of producing an expanded structural member from a rolled shape, heated to suitable temperature, Which consists in performing during a continuous movement of the shape the operations of slitting the shape to provide strand portions, preliminarily detorming the strand portions to stretch them and to cause them to be of uniform thickness and substantially uniform density Vfrom end to end, thendisplacing the strand portions Without altering their lat- Y eral angles, thereby to further stretch them,

and then expanding the shape by altering the lateral angles of the strand portions and simultaneously so displacing them as substantially to avoid further stretching.V

9. The methodoi expanding a ribbed mei tallic structure provisionallyy slitted between and substantially parallel to the ribs, which yconsistsV inholding the ribs against relative movementV While transversely corrugating the structure between the ribs to lengthen the resultant struts and then expanding the slitted portion of the structure.

in testimony whereof l ax my signature.

HARVEY GERSMAN. 

